This dramatic painting by Charles Brooking hangs in the Picture Gallery of the Foundling Museum. Taylor White, treasurer of the Foundling Hospital at the time, commissioned the seascape in 1754. According to John Brownlow's Memoranda or Chronicles of the Foundling Hospital, White had seen one of Brooking's pictures in a shop.

A Flagship, Wearing the Flag of a Vice Admiral of the Red, before the Wind off the English Coast, with a Cutter, a Ketch-rigged Sloop and Other Shipping

Brooking painted this enormous picture – over three metres wide – in just 18 days, working in a room in the Foundling Hospital itself because his own garret studio was too small. The painting, Brooking's largest, was intended to be a companion piece to Peter Monamy's seascape An English Fleet in the Downs, which has been missing since the beginning of the twentieth century.

Much of Britain's growth and prosperity in the eighteenth century was founded on the labour of enslaved people in Britain's empire, enabled through maritime and naval power. The commissioning and displaying of this seascape reflected the Foundling Hospital's foundation and origins as a patriotic project, with Thomas Coram appealing to the nation's need for soldiers, sailors and workers, as well as to human compassion towards disadvantaged children.

An English Vice-Admiral of the Red and His Squadron at Sea

The artist painted three versions of this subject, the other two are in the collections at Royal Museums Greenwich and Tate. Brooking was himself elected a governor of the hospital in June 1754, by which time his painting was on display. He was unfortunately not able to capitalise on the work's success and died in poverty a few years later at the age of 36. He was buried in the cemetery of St Martin-in-the-Fields, which was where Trafalgar Square and the National Portrait Gallery now stand.

A Flagship before the Wind with other Vessels

The painting was loaned in 2016 to the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, Connecticut for its exhibition 'Spreading Canvas: Eighteenth-Century British Marine Painting'. The painting is so large the canvas needed to be removed from the frame and the frame split into two pieces for it to leave the Foundling's gallery.

Kathleen Palmer, Curator: Exhibitions and Displays, Foundling Museum

A version of this article was originally published by The Guardian as part of The Great British Art Tour